BACKGROUND: Cognitive behavioral and related therapies for cocaine dependence may exert their effects, in part, by enhancing cognitive control over drug use behavior. No prior studies have systematically examined the neural correlates of cognitive control as related to treatment outcomes for cocaine dependence. METHODS: Twenty treatment-seeking cocaine-dependent individuals performed a Stroop color-word interference task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) prior to initiating treatment. The primary outcome measures were percent of urine drug screens negative for cocaine, percent days abstinent, and treatment retention. Correlations between regional brain activation during Stroop task performance and treatment outcome measures were analyzed. RESULTS: During Stroop performance, individuals activated brain regions similar to those reported in nonaddicted individuals, including the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, parietal lobule, insula, and striatum. Activations at treatment onset correlated differentially with specific outcomes: longer duration of self-reported abstinence correlated with activation of ventromedial prefrontal cortex, left posterior cingulate cortex, and right striatum; percent drug-free urine screens correlated with striatal activation; and treatment retention correlated with diminished activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. A modest correlation between Stroop effect and treatment retention was found. CONCLUSIONS: The functions of specific brain regions underlying cognitive control relate differentially to discrete outcomes for the treatment of cocaine dependence. These findings implicate neurocircuitry underlying cognitive control in behavioral treatment outcome and provide insight into the mechanisms of behavioral therapies for cocaine dependence. They also suggest neural activation patterns during cognitive control tasks are more sensitive predictors of treatment response than behavioral measures.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Cognitive behavioral and related therapies for cocaine dependence may exert their effects, in part, by enhancing cognitive control over drug use behavior. No prior studies have systematically examined the neural correlates of cognitive control as related to treatment outcomes for cocaine dependence. METHODS: Twenty treatment-seeking cocaine-dependent individuals performed a Stroop color-word interference task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) prior to initiating treatment. The primary outcome measures were percent of urine drug screens negative for cocaine, percent days abstinent, and treatment retention. Correlations between regional brain activation during Stroop task performance and treatment outcome measures were analyzed. RESULTS: During Stroop performance, individuals activated brain regions similar to those reported in nonaddicted individuals, including the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, parietal lobule, insula, and striatum. Activations at treatment onset correlated differentially with specific outcomes: longer duration of self-reported abstinence correlated with activation of ventromedial prefrontal cortex, left posterior cingulate cortex, and right striatum; percent drug-free urine screens correlated with striatal activation; and treatment retention correlated with diminished activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. A modest correlation between Stroop effect and treatment retention was found. CONCLUSIONS: The functions of specific brain regions underlying cognitive control relate differentially to discrete outcomes for the treatment of cocaine dependence. These findings implicate neurocircuitry underlying cognitive control in behavioral treatment outcome and provide insight into the mechanisms of behavioral therapies for cocaine dependence. They also suggest neural activation patterns during cognitive control tasks are more sensitive predictors of treatment response than behavioral measures.
Authors: Nancy E Adleman; Vinod Menon; Christine M Blasey; Christopher D White; Ilana S Warsofsky; Gary H Glover; Allan L Reiss Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2002-05 Impact factor: 6.556
Authors: H Garavan; J Pankiewicz; A Bloom; J K Cho; L Sperry; T J Ross; B J Salmeron; R Risinger; D Kelley; E A Stein Journal: Am J Psychiatry Date: 2000-11 Impact factor: 18.112
Authors: M F Egan; T E Goldberg; B S Kolachana; J H Callicott; C M Mazzanti; R E Straub; D Goldman; D R Weinberger Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2001-05-29 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Sarah W Yip; Elise E DeVito; Hedy Kober; Patrick D Worhunsky; Kathleen M Carroll; Marc N Potenza Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2016-07-16 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Marc N Potenza; Iris M Balodis; Christine A Franco; Scott Bullock; Jiansong Xu; Tammy Chung; Jon E Grant Journal: Psychol Addict Behav Date: 2013-04-15
Authors: Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin; Iris M Balodis; Hedy Kober; Patrick D Worhunsky; Thomas Liss; Jiansong Xu; Marc N Potenza Journal: Psychol Addict Behav Date: 2013-04-15
Authors: Judson A Brewer; Rajita Sinha; Justin A Chen; Ravenna N Michalsen; Theresa A Babuscio; Charla Nich; Aleesha Grier; Keri L Bergquist; Deidre L Reis; Marc N Potenza; Kathleen M Carroll; Bruce J Rounsaville Journal: Subst Abus Date: 2009 Oct-Dec Impact factor: 3.716