Model for the deposition of aerosol particles in the respiratory tract of the rat. I. Nonhygroscopic particle deposition.

Rats are used to test the toxicological and pharmacological effects of aerosol particles on the organism. For estimates of the delivered aerosol dose, lung deposition models provide a valuable tool. Here a previously developed deposition model for nonhygroscopic and hygroscopic aerosol particles in the lungs of man (Ferron et al., J. Aerosol Sci. 1988, 19:611) is adapted to the rat by implementing a lung structure for the rat combined with empirical equations for particle deposition due to impaction/sedimentation in the extrathoracic region and in bifurcations. To account for the effect of body weight (BW) on the physiological parameters (lung size, respiration frequency) we present BW-scaling laws with an estimated accuracy of about 16%. The present model shows good agreement with the measured total deposition (per breath) and other models from the literature to within the variability of the experimental data (20% absolute). Our calculations show that the variability of the experimental data is consistent with the combined effects from realistic variations in particle properties (mainly density) and physiological parameters (mainly activity level). For the alveolar region, which is of particular significance for pharmacological and health studies, we show that although the activity level may change the deposited dose by up to a factor of 2.2 for particles between 0.05 and 2.0 microm in diameter, the alveolar dose is almost independent (to within 10%) of activity level for particles between 0.5 and 1 microm, which makes this size range advantageous for pharmacological and toxicological experiments. The present model allows estimates of the total and regional particle dose deposited in the lungs of rats, which are consistent with experimental data. The advantage of the present model is that hygroscopic growth can be included in the calculations.