[Interventional emergency embolization for severe pelvic ring fractures with arterial bleeding. Integration into the early clinical treatment algorithm].

OBJECTIVE: Presentation of our own experiences and results of an early clinical algorithm for treatment integrating emergency embolization (TAE) in cases of unstable pelvic ring fractures with arterial bleeding.
METHOD: Consecutive patient series from April 2002 to December 2006 at a level 1 trauma center. The data of the online shock room documentation (Traumawatch) of patients with a pelvic fracture and arterial bleeding detected on multislice computed tomography (MSCT) were examined for the following parameters: demographic data, injury mechanism, fracture classification according to Tile/AO and severity of the pelvic injury assessed with the Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS), accompanying injuries with elevation of the cumulative injury severity according to the Injury Severity Score (ISS), physiological admission parameters (circulatory parameters and initial Hb value) as well as transfusion requirement during treatment in the shock room, time until embolization, duration of embolization, and source of bleeding.
RESULTS: Of a total of 162 patients, arterial bleeding was detected in 21 patients by contrast medium extravasation on MSCT, 12 of whom were men and 9 women with an average age of 45 (14-80) years. The mechanism of injury was high energy trauma in all cases. In 33% it involved type B pelvic fractures and in 67% type C fractures with an average AIS pelvis of 4.4 points (3-5) and a total severity of injury with the ISS of 37 points (21-66). Upon admission 47.6% presented hemodynamic instability with an average Hb value of 7.8 g/dl (3.2-12.4) and an average transfusion requirement of 6 red blood cell units (4-13). The time until the TAE was started was on average 62 min (25-115) with a duration period of the TAE of 25 min (15-67). Branches of the internal iliac artery were identified as the sole source of bleeding. The success rate of TAE amounted to over 90%.
CONCLUSION: Interventional TAE represents an effective as well as a fast procedure for hemostasis of arterial bleeding detected on MSCT in patients with pelvic fractures. If an experienced radiologist on 24-h stand-by is assured and the infrastructure is efficient, this can be performed shortly after hospital admission and therefore should be integrated into the early clinical treatment protocol.