R Prasad1, S K Verma, S Sahai, S Kumar, A Jain. 1. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. rprasad2@sancharnet.in
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We carried out this study to determine the efficacy and safety of a regimen containing kanamycin, ethionamide, isoniazid, para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) and cycloserine in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). METHODS: A prospective, uncontrolled study of 39 pulmonary tuberculosis patients, who had received adequate first-line antituberculosis treatment including supervised category II retreatment regimen, and were still sputum smear positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in whom sputum culture revealed isolates of M. tuberculosis resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid with and without resistance to other antituberculosis drugs. They received kanamycin (initial 4-6 months), ethionamide, isoniazid, PAS and cycloserine for a minimum period of two years. RESULTS: Out of 39 patients, 29 (74.3%) achieved sputum conversion within six months and remained so at the end of two years. Two (5.1%) patients died, six (20.6%) patients were lost to follow up, and two (5.1%) patients remained sputum smear-positive for AFB through out the period of study. Twenty-nine patients, declared cured, were followed for an average period of 16 months (3-48 months), during which two (6.9%) patients relapsed, four (13.8%) patients were lost to follow-up and remaining 23 remained sputum smear-negative. Eight (21.1%) patients developed major side effects which required stoppage/change of drugs. CONCLUSION: In MDR-TB patients, regimen consisting of ethionamide, isoniazid, PAS and cycloserine and kanamycin appears to be effective and safe.
BACKGROUND: We carried out this study to determine the efficacy and safety of a regimen containing kanamycin, ethionamide, isoniazid, para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) and cycloserine in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). METHODS: A prospective, uncontrolled study of 39 pulmonary tuberculosispatients, who had received adequate first-line antituberculosis treatment including supervised category II retreatment regimen, and were still sputum smear positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in whom sputum culture revealed isolates of M. tuberculosis resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid with and without resistance to other antituberculosis drugs. They received kanamycin (initial 4-6 months), ethionamide, isoniazid, PAS and cycloserine for a minimum period of two years. RESULTS: Out of 39 patients, 29 (74.3%) achieved sputum conversion within six months and remained so at the end of two years. Two (5.1%) patients died, six (20.6%) patients were lost to follow up, and two (5.1%) patients remained sputum smear-positive for AFB through out the period of study. Twenty-nine patients, declared cured, were followed for an average period of 16 months (3-48 months), during which two (6.9%) patients relapsed, four (13.8%) patients were lost to follow-up and remaining 23 remained sputum smear-negative. Eight (21.1%) patients developed major side effects which required stoppage/change of drugs. CONCLUSION: In MDR-TB patients, regimen consisting of ethionamide, isoniazid, PAS and cycloserine and kanamycin appears to be effective and safe.
Authors: Sangita V Patel; Kapil B Nimavat; Alpesh B Patel; Kedar G Mehta; Kalpita Shringarpure; Lipy K Shukla Journal: Indian J Community Med Date: 2018 Apr-Jun