OBJECTIVE: To study the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and self-perceived depression. DESIGN: A cross-sectional community-based study. SETTING: Semi-rural community of Lapinlahti in eastern Finland in 2005. SUBJECTS: A total of 416 subjects in eight adult birth cohorts (55%) with complete Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21) questionnaire data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The values of the 21 BDI items and the BDI-21 total score with a cut-off point of 14/15 were used to study the association between MetS and depression. National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP) 2005 criteria were used for MetS classification. RESULTS: The total BDI-21 score was significantly higher in the subjects with MetS than in the subjects without MetS (p=0.020). Men with MetS were significantly worse off than men without MetS in the BDI-21 items of irritability (p=0.008), work inhibition (p=0.008), fatigability (p=0.037), weight loss (p=0.045), and loss of libido (p=0.014), while women were only so on the item of loss of libido (p=0.007). In a logistic regression analysis using a BDI-21 cut-off point of 14/15 adjusted for age, marital status, vocational education, and working status, significant association was retained between perceived depression and elevated blood glucose among men (OR=1.697) and large waist circumference among women (OR=1.066). CONCLUSION: Elevated plasma glucose in men and central obesity in women are associated with self-perceived depression. This co-occurrence deserves attention in clinical practice.
OBJECTIVE: To study the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and self-perceived depression. DESIGN: A cross-sectional community-based study. SETTING: Semi-rural community of Lapinlahti in eastern Finland in 2005. SUBJECTS: A total of 416 subjects in eight adult birth cohorts (55%) with complete Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21) questionnaire data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The values of the 21 BDI items and the BDI-21 total score with a cut-off point of 14/15 were used to study the association between MetS and depression. National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP) 2005 criteria were used for MetS classification. RESULTS: The total BDI-21 score was significantly higher in the subjects with MetS than in the subjects without MetS (p=0.020). Men with MetS were significantly worse off than men without MetS in the BDI-21 items of irritability (p=0.008), work inhibition (p=0.008), fatigability (p=0.037), weight loss (p=0.045), and loss of libido (p=0.014), while women were only so on the item of loss of libido (p=0.007). In a logistic regression analysis using a BDI-21 cut-off point of 14/15 adjusted for age, marital status, vocational education, and working status, significant association was retained between perceived depression and elevated blood glucose among men (OR=1.697) and large waist circumference among women (OR=1.066). CONCLUSION: Elevated plasma glucose in men and central obesity in women are associated with self-perceived depression. This co-occurrence deserves attention in clinical practice.
Authors: Pirjo Ilanne-Parikka; Johan G Eriksson; Jaana Lindström; Helena Hämäläinen; Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi; Mauri Laakso; Anne Louheranta; Marjo Mannelin; Merja Rastas; Virpi Salminen; Sirkka Aunola; Jouko Sundvall; Timo Valle; Jorma Lahtela; Matti Uusitupa; Jaakko Tuomilehto Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2004-09 Impact factor: 19.112
Authors: K B Wells; A Stewart; R D Hays; M A Burnam; W Rogers; M Daniels; S Berry; S Greenfield; J Ware Journal: JAMA Date: 1989-08-18 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Leslie S Kinder; Mercedes R Carnethon; Latha P Palaniappan; Abby C King; Stephen P Fortmann Journal: Psychosom Med Date: 2004 May-Jun Impact factor: 4.312