Can imaginal exposure reduce intrusive memories in depression? A case study.

The presence of intrusive memories as an overlapping feature of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) raises the possibility that common therapeutic approaches may be effective. Imaginal exposure (IE) is the gold-standard treatment for PTSD and directly reduces both PTSD and depression symptoms in traumatized individuals. The objective of this pilot study was to use a single-case design to trial the use of IE to target intrusive memories of a negative life event as a treatment for major depression. The participant was experiencing depression after a relationship breakup. Pre-posttreatment measures (clinical interview and self-report) showed a decrease in frequency of intrusive memories and improved mood, such that the participant no longer met diagnostic criteria for major depression at posttreatment or at 6-month follow-up. This case is an important first step in demonstrating the possible value of IE as an inclusion in therapy to reduce intrusive memories in patients whose depressive episode is precipitated by a stressor. Further application of IE to additional depressed clients in the context of a case series is needed to provide preliminary evidence of its efficacy as a treatment for depressive disorders.