Neonatal cranial ultrasonography.

We trace the evolution of pediatric cranial sonography from its inception to the present. Technical considerations and Doppler imaging are discussed. Scanning techniques and a review of the sonographic landmarks of normal anatomy are presented. Knowledge of these landmarks will facilitate screening examinations. We then present clinical and screening indications for cranial sonography in the neonate, emphasizing the pathogenesis and classification of intracranial hemorrhage and porencephaly. Finally a description of inflammatory lesions and their sonographic appearances and a review of cystic and solid lesions completes the discussion of cranial sonography in the neonate.