A process for the production of human proinsulin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In order to develop a large-scale fermentation process for the production of human proinsulin in yeast, the intra-cellular expression of a human superoxide dismutase-human proinsulin fusion product (SOD-PI) has been studied. The expression of SOD-PI in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regulated by a hybrid alcohol dehydrogenase 2/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. The promoter is repressed by glucose and derepressed by depletion of glucose. Although the genetic stability of the construction is shown to be poor under product-inducing conditions, it is demonstrated in shake flask experiments that a stable expression potential can be maintained in a complex medium for more than 60 generations by maintaining excess glucose throughout the cultivations. These results have been confirmed in continuous cultures in chemostat and turbidostat experiments. Addition of the glucose analogs glucosamine, 2-desoxyglucose, methylglucose, and thioglucose also leads to repression of SOD-PI formation. The analogs, however, are not suitable for improving genetic stability during propagation because of growth inhibition. In batch fermentation experiments in a complex medium at 30 degrees C, it has been demonstrated that initial glucose concentrations up to 50 g/L result in high specific SOD-PI yields giving an overall yield of up to 700 mg SOD-PI/L whereas higher glucose concentrations lead to both lower specific and overall yields due to depletion of critical medium components in the production period. In fed-batch experiments at 30 degrees C it has been possible to obtain high specific SOD-PI yields even at high biomass concentrations by feeding glucose at a constant rate of 1.5 g/L/h for 40 h followed by a feeding of ethanol at 1.0 g/L/h for 24 h, thus giving an overall yield of 1200 mg/L. Decreasing the temperature from 30 to 26 degrees C leads to improved yields in batch as well as fed-batch experiments. The optimized fed-batch fermentation process which is suitable to be scaled up to the cubic meter level has been tested in 200-L fermentations resulting in yields of more than 1500 mg/L of the fusion protein which conveniently can be used as a precursor in the production of recombinant human proinsulin.