Gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in chronic dialysis patients and renal transplant recipients with hepatitis C virus infection.

The prevalences of chronic infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its genotypes vary among countries and ethnic groups. Among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and transplant recipients, the evolution of hepatic disease seems atypical and has not been established. In this study we compared the prevalence and HCV genotypic distribution among Brazilian patients with ESRD on dialysis or with transplantations. Moreover, we sought to compare the behavior of biochemical markers of hepatic activity of HCV infection in both groups. We prospectively evaluated 87 ESRD patients on dialysis and 105 transplant patients. Blood samples were obtained to perform qualitative HCV-RNA, genotyping, and, periodically, serum levels of aminotransferases (ALT, AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alpha-fetoprotein (AFT), and albumin. The prevalence of HCV in ESRD patients was similar to recipients (19.5% vs 25.7%; P = NS) and the most frequent genotype was 1a. There was no difference in the mean values of ALT, GGT, AFT, and serum albumin between both groups with HCV infection. The mean values of aminotransferases were slightly elevated and a high frequency of patients evolved with persistently normal parameters. In contrast, the mean values of the GGT were 3 or 4 times above the reference limit and a greater frequency of patients evolved with values persistently elevated in the 2 groups. In conclusion, in the 2 groups the prevalence of HCV infection was elevated; the most frequent genotype was 1a. Among the biochemical parameters, GGT seemed to be useful as an indirect marker of liver disease.