Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and benzodiazepine intake on bone loss in older Japanese.

We investigated the effects of several frequently described medication regimens on annual percentage change in bone mineral density (BMD). A longitudinal cohort study (a retrospective analysis) was conducted. Subjects in the Adult Health Study (a prospective cohort study begun in 1958) have been followed through biennial medical examinations in Hiroshima, Japan. Participants were 2,111 subjects (67% women; aged 47-95 years) who were undergoing biennial health examinations from 1994 to 2000. The subjects were examined for the effect of certain drugs on bone mineral change during baseline and one follow-up (4 year later) measurements. Mean annual percentage change in BMD at the femoral neck was -0.38% for men, and -1.14% for women. After adjustment for sex, age, change of weight, alcohol consumption, and smoking status, annual percentage change in BMD decreased by 0.61% among individuals taking angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors continuously in comparison with individuals who had not taken them (p = 0.002): also decreased 0.40% among individuals taking benzodiazepines (BZDs) continuously (p = 0.034). Our results suggest that careful consideration should be given to the use of ACE inhibitors and BZDs in a cohort of Japanese elderly.