AIM: To investigate the cellular defects by analyzing the (Th1/Th2) cytokine levels in vaccine responders and non-responders. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from responders and non-responders were stimulated with or with out recombinant HBsAg or PHA. Broad spectrum of cytokines viz (Th1) IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF-alpha, IL-12 and (Th2) IL-10, IL-4 were measured after in vitro stimulation with recombinant HBsAg and were compared with respective antibody titers. RESULTS: A significant decrease (P = 0.001) in Th1 and Th2 cytokines namely, IL-2, INF-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-10 in non-responders was observed. The level of IL-4 was not significant between the three groups. Furthermore, despite a strong Th1 and Th2 cytokine response, the level of IL-12 was elevated in high-responders compared to other groups (P = 0.001) and demonstrated a positive correlation with anti-HBs titers and Th1 cytokine response. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that unresponsiveness to recombinant hepatitis B vaccines (rHB) is multifactorial, including specific failure of antigen presentation or the lack of both T helper Th1 and Th2 response.
AIM: To investigate the cellular defects by analyzing the (Th1/Th2) cytokine levels in vaccine responders and non-responders. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from responders and non-responders were stimulated with or with out recombinant HBsAg or PHA. Broad spectrum of cytokines viz (Th1) IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF-alpha, IL-12 and (Th2) IL-10, IL-4 were measured after in vitro stimulation with recombinant HBsAg and were compared with respective antibody titers. RESULTS: A significant decrease (P = 0.001) in Th1 and Th2 cytokines namely, IL-2, INF-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-10 in non-responders was observed. The level of IL-4 was not significant between the three groups. Furthermore, despite a strong Th1 and Th2 cytokine response, the level of IL-12 was elevated in high-responders compared to other groups (P = 0.001) and demonstrated a positive correlation with anti-HBs titers and Th1 cytokine response. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that unresponsiveness to recombinant hepatitis B vaccines (rHB) is multifactorial, including specific failure of antigen presentation or the lack of both T helper Th1 and Th2 response.
Authors: M G Chedid; H Deulofeut; D E Yunis; M L Lara-Marquez; M Salazar; R Deulofeut; Z Awdeh; C A Alper; E J Yunis Journal: Hum Immunol Date: 1997-11 Impact factor: 2.850
Authors: M C Honorati; P Dolzani; E Mariani; A Piacentini; G Lisignoli; C Ferrari; A Facchini Journal: Gastroenterology Date: 1997-06 Impact factor: 22.682
Authors: B D Livingston; J Alexander; C Crimi; C Oseroff; E Celis; K Daly; L G Guidotti; F V Chisari; J Fikes; R W Chesnut; A Sette Journal: J Immunol Date: 1999-03-01 Impact factor: 5.422
Authors: Benjamin J Umlauf; Inna G Ovsyannikova; Iana H Haralambieva; Richard B Kennedy; Robert A Vierkant; V Shane Pankratz; Robert M Jacobson; Gregory A Poland Journal: Viral Immunol Date: 2011-09-29 Impact factor: 2.257
Authors: J Gong; C Zhu; R Zhuang; C Song; Q Li; Z Xu; Y Wei; K Yang; A Yang; L Chen; B Jin Journal: Clin Exp Immunol Date: 2008-11-24 Impact factor: 4.330
Authors: Diana K Riner; Eric M Ndombi; Jennifer M Carter; Amos Omondi; Nupur Kittur; Emmy Kavere; Harrison K Korir; Briana Flaherty; Diana Karanja; Daniel G Colley Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Date: 2016-12-07