Surgical treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle: a report on 17 cases.

Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle (CPC) is a rare malformation of uncertain aetiopathogenesis, usually unilateral. Physical examination reveals swelling over the midportion of the clavicle, often asymptomatic; the diagnosis is confirmed by radiology. Treatment is controversial: for many authors the surgical indications are the presence of symptoms, functional impairment or cosmetic deformities. We present a retrospective analysis of 17 children with CPC treated in our institutions: 9 were treated with plate (P) and 8 with Kirschner wire (KW) fixation; a bone graft was used in 12 cases only. Five patients (4 P and 1 KW) needed a second surgical procedure. The surgical treatment led to a very good result in 7 cases, good in 4 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 3 other cases. We recommend early treatment of all patients with CPC with resection of the pseudarthrosis, autologous iliac bone grafting and internal fixation with Kirschner wires.