The use of a mirror as a 'social substitute' in laboratory birds.

A mirror has been shown to reduce stereotypies in horses housed singly, presumably as it may provide some sort of 'social stimulation'. We investigated here whether a mirror may have such a 'quietening effect' on birds kept in a laboratory, such as European starlings. We observed the reactions to a mirror of starlings of different sexes and with different social experiences. Females and pair-raised males seemed calmer, showing less movement and more comfort behaviour than socially and single-raised birds. The results are discussed in the light of the species' social organization and the effect of social experience. We conclude that a mirror might be a good way to reduce isolation-related stress in laboratory birds, but that sex and social experience of an individual have to be taken into account, as otherwise effects opposite to those wished for may be induced.