OBJECTIVES: To describe HIV-1 variants circulating in Mali and to estimate the rate of transmission of HIV-1 drug resistance in 2006. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Viral reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) genes from 198 antiretroviral (ARV)-naive patients diagnosed HIV-1 positive in May 2006 in Bamako and Segou were sequenced. RESULTS: Although CRF02_AG was always the predominant HIV-1 subtype observed (72%), a higher genetic diversity than that in 2005 was observed. The overall prevalence of primary resistance is 11.5% in Mali in 2006, according to the 2007 IAS-USA list of mutations [nucleoside RT inhibitor (NRTI): 1.5%, non-NRTI (NNRTI): 9% and PI: 1%], and 2.5% (NRTI: 1%, NNRTI: 1.5% and PI: 0%), according to the Stanford list of mutations. There was no significant difference between 2005 and 2006 in the overall primary resistance prevalence or in the prevalence of mutations in the different ARV classes. Resistance mutations found in RT and PR genes are in agreement with the highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen available in Mali, except for V90I, V106I and A98G mutations which are associated with etravirine resistance, but polymorphic in non-B subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-1 genetic diversity seems increased in Mali, but the overall HIV-1 primary resistance prevalence remains low. This is consistent with the findings from other West African countries where prevalence rates are lower than 5%. However, considering the large scaling up of ARV use in this country, it is necessary to regularly monitor the development of primary resistance in Mali.
OBJECTIVES: To describe HIV-1 variants circulating in Mali and to estimate the rate of transmission of HIV-1 drug resistance in 2006. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Viral reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) genes from 198 antiretroviral (ARV)-naive patients diagnosed HIV-1 positive in May 2006 in Bamako and Segou were sequenced. RESULTS: Although CRF02_AG was always the predominant HIV-1 subtype observed (72%), a higher genetic diversity than that in 2005 was observed. The overall prevalence of primary resistance is 11.5% in Mali in 2006, according to the 2007 IAS-USA list of mutations [nucleoside RT inhibitor (NRTI): 1.5%, non-NRTI (NNRTI): 9% and PI: 1%], and 2.5% (NRTI: 1%, NNRTI: 1.5% and PI: 0%), according to the Stanford list of mutations. There was no significant difference between 2005 and 2006 in the overall primary resistance prevalence or in the prevalence of mutations in the different ARV classes. Resistance mutations found in RT and PR genes are in agreement with the highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen available in Mali, except for V90I, V106I and A98G mutations which are associated with etravirine resistance, but polymorphic in non-B subtypes. CONCLUSIONS:HIV-1 genetic diversity seems increased in Mali, but the overall HIV-1 primary resistance prevalence remains low. This is consistent with the findings from other West African countries where prevalence rates are lower than 5%. However, considering the large scaling up of ARV use in this country, it is necessary to regularly monitor the development of primary resistance in Mali.
Authors: Claudia S Crowell; Almoustapha I Maiga; Mariam Sylla; Babafemi Taiwo; Niaboula Kone; Assaf P Oron; Robert L Murphy; Anne-Geneviève Marcelin; Ban Traore; Djeneba B Fofana; Gilles Peytavin; Ellen G Chadwick Journal: Pediatr Infect Dis J Date: 2017-11 Impact factor: 2.129
Authors: Sherri T Burda; Ragupathy Viswanath; Jiangqin Zhao; Thompson Kinge; Christopher Anyangwe; Erick T Tinyami; Bijayesh Haldar; Rebecca L R Powell; Veronica Jarido; Indira K Hewlett; Phillipe N Nyambi Journal: J Med Virol Date: 2010-02 Impact factor: 2.327
Authors: José M González-Alba; Africa Holguín; Rosa Garcia; Silvia García-Bujalance; Roberto Alonso; Avelina Suárez; Rafael Delgado; Laura Cardeñoso; Rosa González; Isabel García-Bermejo; Francisca Portero; Carmen de Mendoza; Fernando González-Candelas; Juan-Carlos Galán Journal: J Virol Date: 2011-07-27 Impact factor: 5.103
Authors: Steven Y Hong; Jean B Nachega; Karen Kelley; Silvia Bertagnolio; Vincent C Marconi; Michael R Jordan Journal: Infect Disord Drug Targets Date: 2011-04
Authors: Isabel Inês M de Pina-Araujo; Monick L Guimarães; Gonzalo Bello; Ana Carolina P Vicente; Mariza G Morgado Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-04-24 Impact factor: 3.240