Fermentation of cellodextrins to ethanol using mixed-culture fermentations.

The potential for enhancing ethanol production from cellodextrins by employing mixed-culture (Candida wickerhamii-Saccharomyces cerevisiae) fermentations was investigated. Initially, ethanol production was monitored in fermentation medium containing 50 g/L glucose plus 45 g/L cellobiose. Inoculum levels and times of inoculum addition were varied. Of the conditions tested, the most rapid rates of ethanol formation occurred in fermentations in which either C. wickerhamii and S. cerevisiae were coinoculated at a ratio of 57 : 1 cell/mL or in fermentations in which a 10-fold-greater S. cerevisiae inoculum was added to a pure culture C. wickerhamii fermentation after 1 day incubation. These conditions were used to attempt to enhance fermentations in which cellodextrins produced by trifluoroacetic acid hydrolysis of cellulose served as the sole carbon source. Cellodextrins that were not further purified after cellulose hydrolysis contained compounds that were slightly inhibitory to C. wickerhamii. In this case the mixed-culture fermentations produced 12-45% more ethanol than a pure culture C. wickerhamii fermentation. However, if the substrate was treated with Darco G-60 charcoal, the toxic materials were apparently removed and the pure culture C. wickerhamii fermentations performed as well as the mixed-culture fermentations.