OBJECTIVE: To examine whether long work hours are associated with increased levels and prevalences of anxiety and depression. METHODS: Overtime workers (n = 1350) were compared with a reference group of 9092 workers not working overtime regarding anxiety and depression by means of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Self-reported information on various work-related factors, demographics, lifestyle, and somatic health was included. RESULTS: Overtime workers of both genders had significantly higher anxiety and depression levels and higher prevalences of anxiety and depressive disorders compared with those working normal hours. Findings suggest a dose-response relationship between work hours and anxiety or depression. CONCLUSIONS: Working overtime is associated with increased levels of anxiety and depression. The working groups differed significantly regarding several factors including income and heavy manual labor.
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether long work hours are associated with increased levels and prevalences of anxiety and depression. METHODS: Overtime workers (n = 1350) were compared with a reference group of 9092 workers not working overtime regarding anxiety and depression by means of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Self-reported information on various work-related factors, demographics, lifestyle, and somatic health was included. RESULTS: Overtime workers of both genders had significantly higher anxiety and depression levels and higher prevalences of anxiety and depressive disorders compared with those working normal hours. Findings suggest a dose-response relationship between work hours and anxiety or depression. CONCLUSIONS: Working overtime is associated with increased levels of anxiety and depression. The working groups differed significantly regarding several factors including income and heavy manual labor.
Authors: Antonius Schneider; Sven Hilbert; Johannes Hamann; Svenja Skadsem; Jürgen Glaser; Bernd Löwe; Markus Bühner Journal: Dtsch Arztebl Int Date: 2017-04-28 Impact factor: 5.594
Authors: M Virtanen; J E Ferrie; A Singh-Manoux; M J Shipley; S A Stansfeld; M G Marmot; K Ahola; J Vahtera; M Kivimäki Journal: Psychol Med Date: 2011-02-18 Impact factor: 7.723