Dieter J Meyerhoff1, Timothy C Durazzo. 1. University of California San Francisco, VA Medical Center San Francisco, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, California 94121, USA. Dieter.Meyerhoff@ucsf.edu
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Current effort is directed at defining new classification schemes for alcohol use disorders (AUD) based on genetic/biological, physiological, and behavioral endophenotypes. METHODS: We describe briefly findings of in vivo brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) studies in AUD and propose that they be further explored and expanded regarding their value as a potential endophenotype for AUD. RESULTS: In vivo (1)H MRS, as part of the emerging field of "imaging genomics," may provide readily accessible, objective, functionally significant and region-specific neurobiological measures that successfully link genotypes to neurocognition and to psychiatric symptomatology in relatively small patient cohorts. We discuss several functional gene variants that may affect specific (1)H MRS-detectable metabolites and provide recent data from our own work that supports the view of genetic effects on metabolite measures. CONCLUSIONS: MRS-genetics research will not only offer clues to the functional significance and downstream effects of genetic differences in AUD, but, via monitoring and/or predicting the efficacy of pharmacological and behavioral interventions as a function of genotype, has the potential to influence future clinical management of AUD.
BACKGROUND: Current effort is directed at defining new classification schemes for alcohol use disorders (AUD) based on genetic/biological, physiological, and behavioral endophenotypes. METHODS: We describe briefly findings of in vivo brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) studies in AUD and propose that they be further explored and expanded regarding their value as a potential endophenotype for AUD. RESULTS: In vivo (1)H MRS, as part of the emerging field of "imaging genomics," may provide readily accessible, objective, functionally significant and region-specific neurobiological measures that successfully link genotypes to neurocognition and to psychiatric symptomatology in relatively small patient cohorts. We discuss several functional gene variants that may affect specific (1)H MRS-detectable metabolites and provide recent data from our own work that supports the view of genetic effects on metabolite measures. CONCLUSIONS:MRS-genetics research will not only offer clues to the functional significance and downstream effects of genetic differences in AUD, but, via monitoring and/or predicting the efficacy of pharmacological and behavioral interventions as a function of genotype, has the potential to influence future clinical management of AUD.
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