Pseudoequivalent nitrogen atoms in aqueous imidazole distinguished by chemical shifts in photoelectron spectroscopy.

The photoelectron spectra of aqueous imidazole are presented, and the N 1s and C 1s binding energies are assigned aided by density functional theory calculations. The chemical equivalency of the two nitrogens of the cationic form is directly identified by the occurrence of a single N 1s photoelectron peak, which results from the delocalization of the positive charge over the molecule as a consequence of the Cv symmetry of the system. In contrast to NMR measurements, the photoemission process is faster than the rapid proton exchange in the aqueous environment, making the pseudoequivalent nitrogens of the neutral state clearly distinguishable with a N 1s binding energy shift of 1.7 eV.