Leisha A Emens1. 1. Johns Hopkins University, Tumor Immunology and Breast Cancer Research Programs, Department of Oncology, 1650 Orleans Street, Room 409, Bunting Blaustein Cancer Research Building, Baltimore, MD 21231-1000, USA. emensle@jhmi.edu
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cancer vaccines are a unique approach to cancer therapy. They exert an antitumor effect by engaging the host immune response, and have great potential for circumventing the intrinsic drug resistance that limits standard cancer management. Additional advantages of cancer vaccines are exquisite specificity, low toxicity, and the potential for a durable treatment effect due to immunologic memory. OBJECTIVES: This review aims to consider the promise of cancer vaccines, review the current state of cancer vaccine development, and suggest directions for future research. METHODS: The scope of this review was defined peer-reviewed information found on Medline, and information found on the Internet about Phase III clinical trials that are ongoing and not yet published. RESULTS/ CONCLUSIONS: Multiple Phase III clinical trials have demonstrated the promise and challenges posed by therapeutic vaccines, and defined the next steps in their clinical development. Determining the optimal integration of cancer vaccines with chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and biologically targeted therapies, defining predictive biomarkers of immunologic and clinical response, and combining tumor vaccines with new drugs that effectively modulate the antitumor immune response, will ensure that cancer vaccines become part of standard cancer therapy and prevention.
BACKGROUND:Cancer vaccines are a unique approach to cancer therapy. They exert an antitumor effect by engaging the host immune response, and have great potential for circumventing the intrinsic drug resistance that limits standard cancer management. Additional advantages of cancer vaccines are exquisite specificity, low toxicity, and the potential for a durable treatment effect due to immunologic memory. OBJECTIVES: This review aims to consider the promise of cancer vaccines, review the current state of cancer vaccine development, and suggest directions for future research. METHODS: The scope of this review was defined peer-reviewed information found on Medline, and information found on the Internet about Phase III clinical trials that are ongoing and not yet published. RESULTS/ CONCLUSIONS: Multiple Phase III clinical trials have demonstrated the promise and challenges posed by therapeutic vaccines, and defined the next steps in their clinical development. Determining the optimal integration of cancer vaccines with chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and biologically targeted therapies, defining predictive biomarkers of immunologic and clinical response, and combining tumor vaccines with new drugs that effectively modulate the antitumor immune response, will ensure that cancer vaccines become part of standard cancer therapy and prevention.
Authors: J P Machiels; R T Reilly; L A Emens; A M Ercolini; R Y Lei; D Weintraub; F I Okoye; E M Jaffee Journal: Cancer Res Date: 2001-05-01 Impact factor: 12.701
Authors: R T Reilly; J P Machiels; L A Emens; A M Ercolini; F I Okoye; R Y Lei; D Weintraub; E M Jaffee Journal: Cancer Res Date: 2001-02-01 Impact factor: 12.701
Authors: J M Kirkwood; J G Ibrahim; J A Sosman; V K Sondak; S S Agarwala; M S Ernstoff; U Rao Journal: J Clin Oncol Date: 2001-05-01 Impact factor: 44.544
Authors: Zvi G Fridlender; George Buchlis; Veena Kapoor; Guanjun Cheng; Jing Sun; Sunil Singhal; M Cecilia Crisanti; Cecilia Crisanti; Liang-Chuan S Wang; Daniel Heitjan; Linda A Snyder; Steven M Albelda Journal: Cancer Res Date: 2009-12-22 Impact factor: 12.701
Authors: Emad I Wafa; Sean M Geary; Kathleen A Ross; Jonathan T Goodman; Balaji Narasimhan; Aliasger K Salem Journal: Nanomedicine Date: 2019-07-15 Impact factor: 5.307
Authors: Alejandrina Vendrell; Claudia Mongini; María José Gravisaco; Andrea Canellada; Agustina Inés Tesone; Juan Carlos Goin; Claudia Inés Waldner Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2016-03-01 Impact factor: 7.561