Flow-induced oscillation of collapsed tubes and airway structures.

The self-excited oscillation of airway structures and flexible tubes in response to flow is reviewed. The structures range from tiny airways deep in the lung causing wheezing at the end of a forced expiration, to the pursed lips of a brass musical instrument player. Other airway structures that vibrate include the vocal cords (and their avian equivalent, the syrinx) and the soft palate of a snorer. These biological cases are compared with experiments on and theories for the self-excited oscillation of flexible tubes conveying a flow on the laboratory bench, with particular reference to those observations dealing with the situation where the inertia of the tube wall is dominant. In each case an attempt is made to summarise the current state of understanding. Finally, some outstanding challenges are identified.