Fool me once, shame on you; fool me twice, shame on oxytocin.

In this issue of Neuron, a study by Baumgartner et al. investigates the influence of oxytocin on trust behavior and its neural mechanisms. The authors report that, following breaches of trust, oxytocin facilitates prosocial behavior while modulating neural signals in the amygdala and caudate nucleus. The findings have implications for an array of mental disorders where social behavior is compromised.