A biofuel cell with enhanced performance by multilayer biocatalyst immobilized on highly ordered macroporous electrode.

A one-compartment glucose/O(2) biofuel cell based on an electrostatic layer-by-layer (LbL) technique on three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) gold electrode was described. A 3DOM gold electrode was synthesized electrochemically by an inverted colloidal crystal template technique. Then the macroporous gold electrodes were functionalized with Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and enzyme, glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) or laccase. The (AuNPs/GDH)(n) multilayer modified macroporous gold electrode showed excellent bioelectrocatalytic activity towards glucose. The direct electroreduction towards oxygen was realized at (AuNPs/laccase)(n) films on 3DOM gold electrodes. The maximum power density of the cell with the macroporous film as matrix was 178 microW cm(-2) at 226 mV, which was 16 times larger than that of the biofuel cell with the flat electrode under the same condition. The proposed method is simple and would be applicable to enhance the power output of miniaturized biofuel cell.