Minimally invasive vein therapy and treatment options for endovenous heat-induced thrombus.

Radiofrequency ablation and endovenous laser therapy are types of minimally invasive techniques that have been used in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. In both procedures, high-intensity heat via thermal energy is produced and delivered via an endovenous catheter placed in the saphenous vein. This results in changes that therapeutically induce closure of the vein by denaturing the vessel wall with subsequent thrombus formation. Patients undergo ultrasound 48 to 72 hours postprocedure to confirm vessel occlusion and assess for possible extension of thrombus into the deep venous system. Thrombus is frequently visualized with the procedure in the tributaries, the venous dilations, and at times the saphenofemoral junction. In any other setting, thrombus at the saphenofemoral junction would warrant anticoagulation. However, the characteristics, composition, and behavior of endovenous heat-induced thrombus are different than de novo thrombosis. This postprocedure endovenous heat-induced thrombus is considered a normal consequence of the procedure and does not require traditional anticoagulation in most cases, depending on the location.