Methodological considerations in the use of salivary alpha-amylase as a stress marker in field research.

Salivary alpha-amylase recently has been identified as a stress-related biomarker for autonomic nervous system activity. This study addresses sample collection and handling considerations for field researchers. Saliva was collected by unstimulated passive drool from 14 adults and pooled. Incubation of pooled saliva at 22 or 37 degrees C for 21 days did not diminish amylase activity. However, sodium azide added at concentrations <or=1.12 mg/ml to pooled saliva artificially inflated activity. After dosing cotton rolls within Salivette saliva collection devices with 0.25 to 1.5 ml of unpooled passive drool saliva from six additional adults, recovery of amylase activity was significantly below 100% at all volumes, with increased variance in recovery when the cotton was incompletely saturated (<or=1.0 ml). Hence, collection by passive drool instead of cotton-containing devices for amylase determinations is recommended, particularly whenever it is impossible to ensure full, uniform cotton saturation, and azide should be avoided as a preservative. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.