BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The cause of Tourette syndrome (TS) is not precisely known, although several lines of evidence point at an involvement of the immune system in its pathogenesis. RESULTS: Here, we report the results of a pilot study investigating frequently analysed lymphocyte surface markers in 20 adult patients with TS (16 males; 37.3 +/- 15.8 years) and 20 matched controls (16 males; 37.5 +/- 15.3 years). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences for the investigated lymphocyte surface markers. The difference in CD69+/CD22+-B cells (23.0 +/- 10.5% vs. 13.1 +/- 6.1%; P = 0.001) and in CD95+/CD4+-T cells (41.5 +/- 12.1% vs. 24.6 +/- 10.0%; P = 0.0001) was still significant after Bonferroni-Holm correction. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary data indicate that TS may be associated with an increased peripheral immune activity.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The cause of Tourette syndrome (TS) is not precisely known, although several lines of evidence point at an involvement of the immune system in its pathogenesis. RESULTS: Here, we report the results of a pilot study investigating frequently analysed lymphocyte surface markers in 20 adult patients with TS (16 males; 37.3 +/- 15.8 years) and 20 matched controls (16 males; 37.5 +/- 15.3 years). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences for the investigated lymphocyte surface markers. The difference in CD69+/CD22+-B cells (23.0 +/- 10.5% vs. 13.1 +/- 6.1%; P = 0.001) and in CD95+/CD4+-T cells (41.5 +/- 12.1% vs. 24.6 +/- 10.0%; P = 0.0001) was still significant after Bonferroni-Holm correction. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary data indicate that TS may be associated with an increased peripheral immune activity.
Authors: Yingfang Tian; Isaac H Liao; Xinhua Zhan; Joan R Gunther; Bradley P Ander; Dazhi Liu; Lisa Lit; Glen C Jickling; Blythe A Corbett; Netty G P Bos-Veneman; Pieter J Hoekstra; Frank R Sharp Journal: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet Date: 2010-11-17 Impact factor: 3.568
Authors: Netty G P Bos-Veneman; Renske Olieman; Zuzana Tobiasova; Pieter J Hoekstra; Lily Katsovich; Alfred L M Bothwell; James F Leckman; Ivana Kawikova Journal: Brain Behav Immun Date: 2010-12-13 Impact factor: 7.217
Authors: Ivana Kawikova; Bart P X Grady; Zuzana Tobiasova; Yan Zhang; Aristo Vojdani; Liliya Katsovich; Brian J Richmand; Tae Won Park; Alfred L M Bothwell; James F Leckman Journal: Biol Psychiatry Date: 2009-12-14 Impact factor: 13.382
Authors: Haiqun Lin; Kyle A Williams; Liliya Katsovich; Diane B Findley; Heidi Grantz; Paul J Lombroso; Robert A King; Debra E Bessen; Dwight Johnson; Edward L Kaplan; Angeli Landeros-Weisenberger; Heping Zhang; James F Leckman Journal: Biol Psychiatry Date: 2009-10-14 Impact factor: 13.382
Authors: Davide Martino; Russell C Dale; Donald L Gilbert; Gavin Giovannoni; James F Leckman Journal: Mov Disord Date: 2009-07-15 Impact factor: 10.338