Suzanne C Wood1, Stephan G Anagnostaras. 1. Molecular Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0109, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0109, USA. scwood@ucsd.edu
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: With the use of prescription stimulants on the rise, it is important to examine the cognitive effects of low and moderate doses of stimulants rather than only those typical of addicts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study examined the effects a range of doses (0.005-8 mg/kg) of D: -amphetamine sulfate on cued and contextual Pavlovian fear conditioning in mice. RESULTS: In agreement with previous research, subjects administered with a moderately high dose of amphetamine (8 mg/kg) pre-training, typical of what addicts might take, displayed impaired conditioned freezing when tested off-drug. Alternately, subjects injected with a very low dose of amphetamine (0.005, 0.025, or 0.05 mg/kg) pre-training, similar to the therapeutic doses for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, displayed enhanced memory when tested off-drug. A control study showed that these effects were not due to state-dependent learning. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, dose is a critical determinant of the cognitive effects of psychostimulants.
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: With the use of prescription stimulants on the rise, it is important to examine the cognitive effects of low and moderate doses of stimulants rather than only those typical of addicts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study examined the effects a range of doses (0.005-8 mg/kg) of D: -amphetamine sulfate on cued and contextual Pavlovian fear conditioning in mice. RESULTS: In agreement with previous research, subjects administered with a moderately high dose of amphetamine (8 mg/kg) pre-training, typical of what addicts might take, displayed impaired conditioned freezing when tested off-drug. Alternately, subjects injected with a very low dose of amphetamine (0.005, 0.025, or 0.05 mg/kg) pre-training, similar to the therapeutic doses for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, displayed enhanced memory when tested off-drug. A control study showed that these effects were not due to state-dependent learning. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, dose is a critical determinant of the cognitive effects of psychostimulants.
Authors: Benício N Frey; Ana C Andreazza; Keila M Ceresér; Márcio R Martins; Fabrícia C Petronilho; Daniela F de Souza; Francine Tramontina; Carlos A Gonçalves; João Quevedo; Flávio Kapczinski Journal: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry Date: 2006-04-21 Impact factor: 5.067
Authors: Tai-Xiang Xu; Tatyana D Sotnikova; Chengyu Liang; Jingping Zhang; Jae U Jung; Roger D Spealman; Raul R Gainetdinov; Wei-Dong Yao Journal: J Neurosci Date: 2009-11-11 Impact factor: 6.167
Authors: Stephan G Anagnostaras; Suzanne C Wood; Tristan Shuman; Denise J Cai; Arthur D Leduc; Karl R Zurn; J Brooks Zurn; Jennifer R Sage; Gerald M Herrera Journal: Front Behav Neurosci Date: 2010-09-30 Impact factor: 3.558