OBJECTIVE: To investigate the magnitude of rural in-migration and the role of in-migrants in the observed increase in HIV-1 prevalence in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving the adult population aged 15-44 years residing in a rural village was conducted from March to May of 2005. Participants were interviewed regarding their risk behaviors and gave blood for HIV-1 and syphilis testing. RESULTS: Overall, the response rate was 73.0% (1528/2093). A total of 699 (48.1%) participants reported having in-migrated to the village at some point during their life. The prevalences of HIV-1 infection were 1.8%, 2.3%, and 3.7% among non-in-migrant, long-term in-migrant, and recent in-migrant men, respectively (p(trend)<0.001). The corresponding prevalences among women were 9.2%, 11.5%, and 14.5%, respectively (p(trend)=0.048). The odds of HIV-1 infection were higher among recent in-migrants as compared to non-in-migrants (men: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.4, 95% CI 1.8-6.6; women: AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-5.0). Risk behaviors were inversely related to years since in-migration for both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that rural in-migration is common for both men and women. In-migrants were at higher risk for HIV-1 infection and contributed significantly to increased rural HIV-1 prevalence. More studies to examine the rate and broader causes of rural in-migration in similar communities are called for. These may help in the design of intervention strategies for curbing the rising rural HIV epidemic.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the magnitude of rural in-migration and the role of in-migrants in the observed increase in HIV-1 prevalence in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving the adult population aged 15-44 years residing in a rural village was conducted from March to May of 2005. Participants were interviewed regarding their risk behaviors and gave blood for HIV-1 and syphilis testing. RESULTS: Overall, the response rate was 73.0% (1528/2093). A total of 699 (48.1%) participants reported having in-migrated to the village at some point during their life. The prevalences of HIV-1 infection were 1.8%, 2.3%, and 3.7% among non-in-migrant, long-term in-migrant, and recent in-migrant men, respectively (p(trend)<0.001). The corresponding prevalences among women were 9.2%, 11.5%, and 14.5%, respectively (p(trend)=0.048). The odds of HIV-1 infection were higher among recent in-migrants as compared to non-in-migrants (men: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.4, 95% CI 1.8-6.6; women: AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-5.0). Risk behaviors were inversely related to years since in-migration for both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that rural in-migration is common for both men and women. In-migrants were at higher risk for HIV-1 infection and contributed significantly to increased rural HIV-1 prevalence. More studies to examine the rate and broader causes of rural in-migration in similar communities are called for. These may help in the design of intervention strategies for curbing the rising rural HIV epidemic.
Authors: Margaret Carrel; Mark Janko; Melchior Kashamuka Mwandagalirwa; Camille Morgan; Franck Fwamba; Jérémie Muwonga; Antoinette K Tshefu; Steven Meshnick; Michael Emch Journal: Health Place Date: 2016-03-11 Impact factor: 4.078
Authors: Christine U Oramasionwu; Kelly R Daniels; Matthew J Labreche; Christopher R Frei Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2011-07-19 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Christopher Zabrocki; Stevan Weine; Stephanie Chen; Ivana Brajkovic; Mahbat Bahromov; Sana Loue; Jonbek Jonbekov; Farzona Shoakova Journal: Cent Asian J Glob Health Date: 2013
Authors: Oluwasolape Olawore; Aaron A R Tobian; Joseph Kagaayi; Jeremiah M Bazaale; Betty Nantume; Grace Kigozi; Justine Nankinga; Fred Nalugoda; Gertrude Nakigozi; Godfrey Kigozi; Ronald H Gray; Maria J Wawer; Robert Ssekubugu; John S Santelli; Steven J Reynolds; Larry W Chang; David Serwadda; Mary K Grabowski Journal: Lancet HIV Date: 2018-02-25 Impact factor: 12.767