Treatment of metastatic breast cancer: looking towards the future.

The armamentarium for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer is increasing with the introduction of newer chemotherapeutic agents and the development of molecular targeted therapies. The clinical utility of anthracyclines in advanced breast cancer has been limited by significant adverse events; therefore the taxanes are increasingly used in the metastatic setting. Trastuzumab with a taxane as first-line therapy is now standard of care for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer. Other targeted therapies, including the antiangiogenesis agents such as bevacizumab, are being investigated both as monotherapy and in combination regimens. While the number of available agents is growing rapidly, challenges remain concerning appropriate dose, schedule, treatment duration and management of drug resistance. This paper reviews recent data regarding the established and investigational medical treatments for endocrine-refractory metastatic breast cancer, and presents treatment recommendations.