Overview of the perioperative management of lung volume reduction surgery patients.

This article reviews management strategies that may improve the outcome of thoracic surgery and particularly lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) in patients with severe emphysema. Maximal preoperative pharmacologic therapy includes bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids to attain peak lung function at the time of surgery. Nonpharmacologic measures include smoking cessation and pulmonary rehabilitation. Mechanical ventilation during the perioperative period should ensure adequate oxygenation, while avoiding dynamic hyperinflation. Keys to successful postoperative care include close monitoring while in the intensive care unit, early extubation, adequate pain control, chest physiotherapy and appropriate chest tube management. Aggressive management of early postoperative complications, including air leaks, respiratory failure, arrhythmias, and hemorrhage, can also be expected to improve outcomes.