PURPOSE: Oxidative stress has been implicated in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death pathways after optic nerve transection (ONT) and during glaucomatous neuropathy. The authors investigated the expression and cell-protective roles of thioredoxins (cytosolic Trx1 and mitochondrial Trx2), important regulators of the cellular redox state, on RGCs after ONT and pharmacologic oxidative stress induction. METHODS: ONT was performed on adult Wistar rats. Trx1 and Trx2 quantitative and spatial expression were examined with Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Electroporation and calcium phosphate-mediated procedures were used to deliver Trx1 and Trx2 expression constructs to RGCs in vivo and to cultured RGC-5 cells, respectively. Cell-protective effects of Trx1 and Trx2 overexpression on RGCs after ONT and on RGC-5 cells treated with glutamate/buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) were determined by RGC density analysis and cell viability assay, respectively. RESULTS: Upregulation of Trx1 and Trx2 was observed in RGCs at different times after ONT and in RGC-5 cells after glutamate/BSO treatment. Trx1 and Trx2 overexpression in RGC-5 cells increased their survival rate by approximately twofold and threefold 24 and 48 hours after glutamate/BSO treatment, respectively. A neuroprotective effect of Trx1 and Trx2 overexpression on RGCs was also observed in vivo; the survival rate of RGCs was increased by 35% and 135%, respectively, 1 and 2 weeks after ONT. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence for in vitro and in vivo cell-protective effects of Trx1 and Trx2 on RGCs against oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration.
PURPOSE: Oxidative stress has been implicated in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death pathways after optic nerve transection (ONT) and during glaucomatous neuropathy. The authors investigated the expression and cell-protective roles of thioredoxins (cytosolic Trx1 and mitochondrial Trx2), important regulators of the cellular redox state, on RGCs after ONT and pharmacologic oxidative stress induction. METHODS: ONT was performed on adult Wistar rats. Trx1 and Trx2 quantitative and spatial expression were examined with Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Electroporation and calcium phosphate-mediated procedures were used to deliver Trx1 and Trx2 expression constructs to RGCs in vivo and to cultured RGC-5 cells, respectively. Cell-protective effects of Trx1 and Trx2 overexpression on RGCs after ONT and on RGC-5 cells treated with glutamate/buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) were determined by RGC density analysis and cell viability assay, respectively. RESULTS: Upregulation of Trx1 and Trx2 was observed in RGCs at different times after ONT and in RGC-5 cells after glutamate/BSO treatment. Trx1 and Trx2 overexpression in RGC-5 cells increased their survival rate by approximately twofold and threefold 24 and 48 hours after glutamate/BSO treatment, respectively. A neuroprotective effect of Trx1 and Trx2 overexpression on RGCs was also observed in vivo; the survival rate of RGCs was increased by 35% and 135%, respectively, 1 and 2 weeks after ONT. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence for in vitro and in vivo cell-protective effects of Trx1 and Trx2 on RGCs against oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration.
Authors: Gwen Lagoda; Yi Xie; Sena F Sezen; K Joseph Hurt; Limin Liu; Biljana Musicki; Arthur L Burnett Journal: J Sex Med Date: 2011-10-13 Impact factor: 3.802
Authors: M F El-Azab; B R B Baldowski; B A Mysona; A Y Shanab; I N Mohamed; M A Abdelsaid; S Matragoon; K E Bollinger; A Saul; A B El-Remessy Journal: Br J Pharmacol Date: 2014-03 Impact factor: 8.739
Authors: Suraporn Matragoon; Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar; Barbara A Mysona; Mohammed A Abdelsaid; Bindu A Pillai; Kenneth E Neet; Susan C Fagan; Azza B El-Remessy Journal: Mol Vis Date: 2012-12-14 Impact factor: 2.367