OBJECTIVE: To compare horizontal and vertical laxity of lower eyelids in patients with unilateral lower eyelid involutional entropion, introduce a reliable and common finding in involutional entropion, and review the literature. DESIGN: Prospective, comparative observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty patients with unilateral involutional entropion. METHODS: Horizontal laxity was measured by recording the distance between the globe and the lower eyelid margin when pulled anteriorly with the eye in primary position (digital subtraction test). Vertical laxity was gauged by recording lower lid excursion between extreme up- and downgaze. Forniceal preaponeurotic fat prolapse was assessed by pulling the lower lid margin to the level of the inferior orbital rim and comparing the meniscus of protruding fat in each fornix. Forniceal fat pad height of <2 mm was graded as grade 1, and that of >or=2 mm as grade 2. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Fornix fat prolapse. RESULTS: There were 43 males and 37 females, with a mean age of 77.70 years (range, 57-93 years) (standard deviation, 7.79). There were 47 patients with right-sided and 33 with left-sided entropion. The range of horizontal lid laxity was between 7.5 and 11 mm. The amount of vertical laxity assessed by lower lid excursion between extreme up- and downgaze ranged from 2 to 5 mm. Comparison between the affected and nonaffected sides failed to show a statistical difference in horizontal or vertical laxity (0.19<P<0.49). However, grade 2 forniceal fat height was observed to be significantly more on the affected than unaffected side (P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Increased forniceal fat height is associated with lower lid entropion. Forniceal fat height represents a more accurate assessment tool for either lower lid retractor laxity or disinsertion than the lid excursion test.
OBJECTIVE: To compare horizontal and vertical laxity of lower eyelids in patients with unilateral lower eyelid involutional entropion, introduce a reliable and common finding in involutional entropion, and review the literature. DESIGN: Prospective, comparative observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty patients with unilateral involutional entropion. METHODS: Horizontal laxity was measured by recording the distance between the globe and the lower eyelid margin when pulled anteriorly with the eye in primary position (digital subtraction test). Vertical laxity was gauged by recording lower lid excursion between extreme up- and downgaze. Forniceal preaponeurotic fat prolapse was assessed by pulling the lower lid margin to the level of the inferior orbital rim and comparing the meniscus of protruding fat in each fornix. Forniceal fat pad height of <2 mm was graded as grade 1, and that of >or=2 mm as grade 2. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Fornix fat prolapse. RESULTS: There were 43 males and 37 females, with a mean age of 77.70 years (range, 57-93 years) (standard deviation, 7.79). There were 47 patients with right-sided and 33 with left-sided entropion. The range of horizontal lid laxity was between 7.5 and 11 mm. The amount of vertical laxity assessed by lower lid excursion between extreme up- and downgaze ranged from 2 to 5 mm. Comparison between the affected and nonaffected sides failed to show a statistical difference in horizontal or vertical laxity (0.19<P<0.49). However, grade 2 forniceal fat height was observed to be significantly more on the affected than unaffected side (P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Increased forniceal fat height is associated with lower lid entropion. Forniceal fat height represents a more accurate assessment tool for either lower lid retractor laxity or disinsertion than the lid excursion test.
Authors: Harrison Dermer; Daniella Lent-Schochet; Despoina Theotoka; Christian Paba; Abdullah A Cheema; Ryan S Kim; Anat Galor Journal: Drugs Date: 2020-04 Impact factor: 9.546
Authors: Kevin S Michels; Craig N Czyz; Kenneth V Cahill; Jill A Foster; John A Burns; Kelly R Everman Journal: J Ophthalmol Date: 2014-03-05 Impact factor: 1.909