CD4+ T cells are sufficient to elicit allograft rejection and major histocompatibility complex class I molecule is required to induce recurrent autoimmune diabetes after pancreas transplantation in mice.

BACKGROUND: We characterized the role of T cell subsets and major histocompatibility complex molecules in allograft rejection and recurrence of autoimmune diabetes.
METHODS: Adoptive cell transfer and vascularized segmental pancreas transplantation were performed in mice.
RESULTS: In an alloimmune response model, transfer of nondiabetic CD4, but not CD8 T cells, elicited pancreas allograft rejection in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic NOD/scid mice. Pancreas allografts were acutely rejected in STZ-induced diabetic NOD/beta2m mice (confirmed the absence of major histocompatibility complex [MHC] class I and CD8 T cells) and permanently accepted in NOD/CIIT mice (confirmed the absence of MHC class II and CD4 T cells). The results suggest that rejection of pancreas allograft is CD4-dependent and MHC class I-independent. In the autoimmune diabetes model, whole spleen cells obtained from diabetic NOD mice induced autoimmune diabetes in NOD/scid and NOD/CIIT mice, but the onset of diabetes was delayed in NOD/beta2m mice. However, the purified diabetic T cells failed to elicit autoimmune diabetes in NOD/beta2m mice. NOD/scid and NOD/CIIT pancreas grafts were acutely destroyed whereas four of six NOD/beta2m pancreas grafts were permanently accepted in autoimmune diabetic NOD mice.
CONCLUSION: CD4 T cells are sufficient for the induction of allograft rejection, and MHC class I molecule is required to induce recurrent autoimmune diabetes after pancreas transplantation in mice.