MLPA and MAPH: sensitive detection of deletions and duplications.

The detection of quantitative changes in genomic DNA, i.e., deletions and duplications or so called Copy Number Variants (CNV), is an important element of a complete mutation screening strategy. However, because of practical difficulties, screening for quantitative changes in genomic DNA is often ignored. Hitherto, the techniques available were technically challenging and laborious and thus too costly to be applied on a routine basis. The development of MAPH (Multiplex Amplifiable Probe Hybridization) and more recently MLPA (Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification) have revived interest in the detection of deletions and duplications, primarily due to the simplicity and flexibility of these two approaches. Compared to previous technologies, e.g., Southern blotting, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), quantitative PCR (qPCR), and breakpoint PCR, they have some clear advantages, including high resolution, high throughput, amenability to multiplexing, and simplicity.