Categorization and evaluation of emotional faces in psychopathic women.

Psychopathic individuals have been shown to respond less strongly than normal controls to emotional stimuli. Data about their ability to judge emotional facial expressions are inconsistent and limited to males. To measure categorical and dimensional evaluations of emotional facial expressions in psychopathic and non-psychopathic women, 13 female psychopathic forensic inpatients, 15 female non-psychopathic forensic inmates and 16 female healthy participants were tested in an emotion-categorizing task. Emotional facial expressions were presented briefly (33 ms) or until buttonpress. Participants were to classify emotional expressions, and to rate their valence and arousal. Group differences in categorization were observed at both presentation times. Psychopathic patients performed worst with briefly presented sad expressions. Moreover, their dimensional evaluation resulted in less positive ratings for happy expressions and less arousal for angry expressions compared with the responses of non-psychopathic and normal subjects. Results shed light on the mechanism possibly underlying the emotional deficits in psychopathic women.