Tracheobronchial injury.

Tracheobronchial injuries (TBI) can be challenging to diagnose, manage, and definitively treat. They encompass a heterogeneous group of injuries that are often associated with other injuries. Although relatively rare, diagnosis and treatment of TBI often requires skillful and creative airway management, careful diagnostic evaluation, and operative repairs that are often resourceful and necessarily unique to the given injury. An experienced surgeon with a high level of suspicion and the liberal use of bronchoscopy constitute the major tools necessary for diagnosing and treating these injuries. Most TBI can be repaired primarily using a tailored surgical approach and techniques specific to the injury. Associated injuries are common, and surgeons must be knowledgeable in treating a wide variety of physiologic abnormalities, especially those involving the chest wall and lung parenchyma, if a successful outcome is to be achieved in the management of these often challenging patients.