BACKGROUND: Serotype 19A invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) increased annually in the United States after the introduction of the 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7). To understand this increase, we characterized serotype 19A isolates recovered during 2005. METHODS: IPD cases during 1998-2005 were identified through population-based surveillance. We performed susceptibility testing and multilocus sequence typing on 528 (95%) of 554 serotype 19A isolates reported in 2005. RESULTS: The incidence of IPD due to serotype 19A increased from 0.8 to 2.5 cases per 100,000 population between 1998 and 2005 (P < .05), whereas the overall incidence of IPD decreased from 24.4 to 13.8 cases per 100,000 population (P < .05). Simultaneously, the incidence of IPD due to penicillin-resistant 19A isolates increased from 6.7% to 35% (P < .0001). Of 151 penicillin-resistant 19A isolates, 111 (73.5%) belonged to the rapidly emerging clonal complex 320, which is related to multidrug-resistant Taiwan(19F)-14. The remaining penicillin-resistant strains were highly related to other clones of PCV7 serotypes or to isolates within major 19A clonal complex 199 (CC199). In 1999, only CC199 and 3 minor clones were apparent among serotype 19A isolates. During 2005, 11 multiple-isolate clonal sets were detected, including capsular switch variants of a serotype 4 clone. CONCLUSIONS: PCV7 ineffectiveness against serotype 19A, antibiotic resistance, clonal expansion and emergence, and capsular switching have contributed to the genetic diversity of 19A and to its emergence as the predominant invasive pneumococcal serotype in the United States.
BACKGROUND: Serotype 19A invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) increased annually in the United States after the introduction of the 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7). To understand this increase, we characterized serotype 19A isolates recovered during 2005. METHODS: IPD cases during 1998-2005 were identified through population-based surveillance. We performed susceptibility testing and multilocus sequence typing on 528 (95%) of 554 serotype 19A isolates reported in 2005. RESULTS: The incidence of IPD due to serotype 19A increased from 0.8 to 2.5 cases per 100,000 population between 1998 and 2005 (P < .05), whereas the overall incidence of IPD decreased from 24.4 to 13.8 cases per 100,000 population (P < .05). Simultaneously, the incidence of IPD due to penicillin-resistant 19A isolates increased from 6.7% to 35% (P < .0001). Of 151 penicillin-resistant 19A isolates, 111 (73.5%) belonged to the rapidly emerging clonal complex 320, which is related to multidrug-resistant Taiwan(19F)-14. The remaining penicillin-resistant strains were highly related to other clones of PCV7 serotypes or to isolates within major 19A clonal complex 199 (CC199). In 1999, only CC199 and 3 minor clones were apparent among serotype 19A isolates. During 2005, 11 multiple-isolate clonal sets were detected, including capsular switch variants of a serotype 4 clone. CONCLUSIONS: PCV7 ineffectiveness against serotype 19A, antibiotic resistance, clonal expansion and emergence, and capsular switching have contributed to the genetic diversity of 19A and to its emergence as the predominant invasive pneumococcal serotype in the United States.
Authors: Christian Massire; Robert E Gertz; Pavel Svoboda; Keith Levert; Matthew S Reed; Jan Pohl; Rachel Kreft; Feng Li; Neill White; Ray Ranken; Larry B Blyn; David J Ecker; Rangarajan Sampath; Bernard Beall Journal: J Clin Microbiol Date: 2012-03-21 Impact factor: 5.948
Authors: M Woodhead; F Blasi; S Ewig; J Garau; G Huchon; M Ieven; A Ortqvist; T Schaberg; A Torres; G van der Heijden; R Read; T J M Verheij Journal: Clin Microbiol Infect Date: 2011-11 Impact factor: 8.067
Authors: Juliana Lamaro-Cardoso; Ana Paula S de Lemos; Maria da Glória Carvalho; Fabiana Cristina Pimenta; Alexis Roundtree; Lorena Motta; Maria Aparecida Vieira; Sabrina Sgambatti; Licia Kamila Thörn; Vicente Pessoa-Junior; Ruth Minamisava; Lee H Harrison; Bernard W Beall; Maria Cristina de Cunto Brandileone; Ana Lucia Andrade Journal: J Med Microbiol Date: 2012-01-27 Impact factor: 2.472
Authors: Ana Paula de O Menezes; Leila C Campos; Milena S dos Santos; Jailton Azevedo; Renan C N Dos Santos; Maria da Gloria S Carvalho; Bernard W Beall; Stacey W Martin; Katia Salgado; Mitermayer G Reis; Albert I Ko; Joice N Reis Journal: Vaccine Date: 2010-12-21 Impact factor: 3.641
Authors: Carrie L Byington; Kristina G Hulten; Krow Ampofo; Xiaoming Sheng; Andrew T Pavia; Anne J Blaschke; Melinda Pettigrew; Kent Korgenski; Judy Daly; Edward O Mason Journal: J Clin Microbiol Date: 2009-12-16 Impact factor: 5.948