An overview of nuclear receptor coregulators involved in cerebellar development.

Nuclear receptors (NRs) precisely control the gene regulation throughout the development of the central nervous system, including the cerebellum. Functionally, the full activity of NRs requires their cognate coregulators to be recruited by NRs and modulate the activation or repression of target gene expression. Recent progress of in vitro studies of NR coregulators has revealed that NR coregulators form large complexes in a cyclic manner and subsequently exert genetic and epigenetic influence via various intrinsic enzyme activities. Moreover, NR coregulators physiologically provide a combinatorial code for time- and gene-specific responses depending on their expression levels, relative affinities for individual receptors, and posttranslational modification. Since expression of many cerebellar genes is known to be regulated by NRs critical in a specific period for cerebellar development, their partnership with cognate coregulators may be an important factor for normal cerebellar development. This review summarizes current findings regarding the molecular structures, molecular mechanisms, temporal and spatial expression patterns, and possible biological functions of NR coregulators related to cerebellar development.