A large discoidal lipoprotein present in only one of two closely related crayfish.

The hemolymph lipoproteins of two European freshwater crayfish, Astacus astacus and Astacus leptodactylus, were isolated and characterized. The former species possesses two sex-independent lipoproteins, which can be related to the formerly described high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/beta-glucan binding protein and very high-density lipoprotein/clotting protein from other crustaceans. The latter species, however, contains an additional third lipoprotein with a unique structure. It is a large discoidal HDL with a diameter of 42 nm, a thickness of 7 nm and a density of 1.1 g/ml. SDS-PAGE revealed two different apolipoproteins with molecular masses of 240 and 85 kDa, respectively, arranged in a 1:1 stoichiometry as judged from cross linking experiments. The lipid content of this lipoprotein was 67%, far higher than in every other crustacean lipoprotein described so far. The native molecular mass of this HDL-type lipoprotein was estimated to be about 930 kDa. The lipid content of the other lipoproteins ranged between 25 and 30% for the HDL/beta-glucan binding protein and 6-8% for the VHDL/clotting protein.