Chul Ho Chang1, Yon Hee Shim, Yang-Sik Shin, Ki-Young Lee. 1. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, CPO Box 8044, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the trapezius squeezing test as a criterion of adequate anesthetic depth for Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) insertion in children without neuromuscular blocking agents. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Operating room of a university hospital. PATIENTS: 45 ASA physical status I and II children, aged one to 6 years, undergoing minor surgical procedures. INTERVENTIONS: An LMA was inserted in each child after the trapezius squeezing test turned to be negative. MEASUREMENTS: Presence of coughing, gagging, gross purposeful movements, breath holding, laryngospasm, or desaturation during or within one minute of LMA insertion were recorded. Elapsed time of LMA insertion, end-tidal sevoflurane concentration, blood pressure, and heart rate values were also noted. MAIN RESULTS:LMA insertion was successful in 41 patients. Elapsed time to complete insertion was 5.7 +/- 1.9 minutes, and end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was 3.6 +/- 1.1 vol%. No marked hemodynamic changes occurred in any child. CONCLUSIONS: The trapezius squeezing test is a reliable clinical indicator to assess adequate anesthetic depth for LMA insertion in children without neuromuscular blocking agents.
RCT Entities:
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the trapezius squeezing test as a criterion of adequate anesthetic depth for Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) insertion in children without neuromuscular blocking agents. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Operating room of a university hospital. PATIENTS: 45 ASA physical status I and II children, aged one to 6 years, undergoing minor surgical procedures. INTERVENTIONS: An LMA was inserted in each child after the trapezius squeezing test turned to be negative. MEASUREMENTS: Presence of coughing, gagging, gross purposeful movements, breath holding, laryngospasm, or desaturation during or within one minute of LMA insertion were recorded. Elapsed time of LMA insertion, end-tidal sevoflurane concentration, blood pressure, and heart rate values were also noted. MAIN RESULTS: LMA insertion was successful in 41 patients. Elapsed time to complete insertion was 5.7 +/- 1.9 minutes, and end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was 3.6 +/- 1.1 vol%. No marked hemodynamic changes occurred in any child. CONCLUSIONS: The trapezius squeezing test is a reliable clinical indicator to assess adequate anesthetic depth for LMA insertion in children without neuromuscular blocking agents.