BACKGROUND: Infarct rupture is a usually fatal complication of myocardial infarction (MI), for which no molecular mechanism has been described in humans. Experimental evidence in mouse models suggests that the degradation of the extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) plays an important role in infarct rupture. The present study was designed to study the role of MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 in human infarct rupture. METHODS: Heart samples were obtained from patients who died from infarct rupture and control MI patients. The MMP activity was determined by zymography and quantitative immunocapture activity assay. TIMP-1 levels were measured and immunohistochemistry for MMP-2 and MMP-9 was performed. RESULTS: The amounts of both total and active MMP-8 and MMP-9 were significantly higher in ruptured infarct tissue than in control MI tissue, but no differences in MMP-2 activity were observed. Furthermore, the number of inflammatory cells was significantly higher in the ruptured infarcts than in control infarcts. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that increased MMP-8 and MMP-9 activity in the infarct area, caused by a more prominent infiltration of inflammatory cells, contribute to infarct rupture in humans.
BACKGROUND:Infarct rupture is a usually fatal complication of myocardial infarction (MI), for which no molecular mechanism has been described in humans. Experimental evidence in mouse models suggests that the degradation of the extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) plays an important role in infarct rupture. The present study was designed to study the role of MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 in humaninfarct rupture. METHODS: Heart samples were obtained from patients who died from infarct rupture and control MI patients. The MMP activity was determined by zymography and quantitative immunocapture activity assay. TIMP-1 levels were measured and immunohistochemistry for MMP-2 and MMP-9 was performed. RESULTS: The amounts of both total and active MMP-8 and MMP-9 were significantly higher in ruptured infarct tissue than in control MI tissue, but no differences in MMP-2 activity were observed. Furthermore, the number of inflammatory cells was significantly higher in the ruptured infarcts than in control infarcts. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that increased MMP-8 and MMP-9 activity in the infarct area, caused by a more prominent infiltration of inflammatory cells, contribute to infarct rupture in humans.
Authors: Tibor Kempf; Alexander Zarbock; Christian Widera; Stefan Butz; Anika Stadtmann; Jan Rossaint; Matteo Bolomini-Vittori; Mortimer Korf-Klingebiel; L Christian Napp; Birte Hansen; Anna Kanwischer; Udo Bavendiek; Gernot Beutel; Martin Hapke; Martin G Sauer; Carlo Laudanna; Nancy Hogg; Dietmar Vestweber; Kai C Wollert Journal: Nat Med Date: 2011-04-24 Impact factor: 53.440
Authors: Frank M Bengel; Richard T George; Karl H Schuleri; Albert C Lardo; Kai C Wollert Journal: Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging Date: 2013-05-29 Impact factor: 6.875