BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated carotenoids and vitamins C and E in association with the risk of breast cancers defined by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status. OBJECTIVE: We examined the associations between dietary and supplemental intakes of these nutrients and risk of breast cancers jointly defined by both ER and PR status among postmenopausal women. DESIGN: Our investigation was conducted in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. After following 84 805 women for an average of 7.6 y, 2879 incident invasive breast cancer cases had been ascertained, of whom 2509 had receptor data. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess the associations of interest. RESULTS: Dietary alpha-carotene (highest versus lowest quintile: RR = 0.83; 95% CL = 0.70, 0.99; P for trend = 0.019), beta-carotene (highest versus lowest quintile: RR = 0.78; 95% CL = 0.66, 0.94; P for trend = 0.021), and lycopene (highest versus lowest quintile: RR = 0.85; 95% CL = 0.73, 1.00; P for trend = 0.064) were inversely associated with risk of ER+PR+breast cancer, but not with other breast cancer groups jointly defined by ER and PR status. Total or supplemental beta-carotene and dietary intakes of lutein+zeaxanthin and beta-cryptoxanthin were not associated with breast cancers defined by ER and PR status. Vitamin E (regardless of source) and dietary vitamin C were not associated with breast cancer. However, total and supplemental vitamin C intake had weak positive associations with breast cancer overall. CONCLUSION: Dietary intake of certain carotenoids might be differentially associated with risk of invasive breast cancers jointly defined by ER and PR status among postmenopausal women.
BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated carotenoids and vitamins C and E in association with the risk of breast cancers defined by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status. OBJECTIVE: We examined the associations between dietary and supplemental intakes of these nutrients and risk of breast cancers jointly defined by both ER and PR status among postmenopausal women. DESIGN: Our investigation was conducted in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. After following 84 805 women for an average of 7.6 y, 2879 incident invasive breast cancer cases had been ascertained, of whom 2509 had receptor data. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess the associations of interest. RESULTS: Dietary alpha-carotene (highest versus lowest quintile: RR = 0.83; 95% CL = 0.70, 0.99; P for trend = 0.019), beta-carotene (highest versus lowest quintile: RR = 0.78; 95% CL = 0.66, 0.94; P for trend = 0.021), and lycopene (highest versus lowest quintile: RR = 0.85; 95% CL = 0.73, 1.00; P for trend = 0.064) were inversely associated with risk of ER+PR+breast cancer, but not with other breast cancer groups jointly defined by ER and PR status. Total or supplemental beta-carotene and dietary intakes of lutein+zeaxanthin and beta-cryptoxanthin were not associated with breast cancers defined by ER and PR status. Vitamin E (regardless of source) and dietary vitamin C were not associated with breast cancer. However, total and supplemental vitamin C intake had weak positive associations with breast cancer overall. CONCLUSION: Dietary intake of certain carotenoids might be differentially associated with risk of invasive breast cancers jointly defined by ER and PR status among postmenopausal women.
Authors: J David Curb; Anne McTiernan; Susan R Heckbert; Charles Kooperberg; Janet Stanford; Michael Nevitt; Karen C Johnson; Lori Proulx-Burns; Lisa Pastore; Michael Criqui; Sandra Daugherty Journal: Ann Epidemiol Date: 2003-10 Impact factor: 3.797
Authors: Alecia S Malin; Dai Qi; Xiao-Ou Shu; Yu-Tang Gao; Janet M Friedmann; Fan Jin; Wei Zheng Journal: Int J Cancer Date: 2003-06-20 Impact factor: 7.396
Authors: Reiko Sato; Kathy J Helzlsouer; Anthony J Alberg; Sandra C Hoffman; Edward P Norkus; George W Comstock Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2002-05 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Eunyoung Cho; Donna Spiegelman; David J Hunter; Wendy Y Chen; Shumin M Zhang; Graham A Colditz; Walter C Willett Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2003-08 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Robert D Langer; Emily White; Cora E Lewis; Jane M Kotchen; Susan L Hendrix; Maurizio Trevisan Journal: Ann Epidemiol Date: 2003-10 Impact factor: 3.797
Authors: Valerie-Jeanne Bardou; Grazia Arpino; Richard M Elledge; C Kent Osborne; Gary M Clark Journal: J Clin Oncol Date: 2003-05-15 Impact factor: 44.544
Authors: Teresa T Fung; Frank B Hu; Susan E Hankinson; Walter C Willett; Michelle D Holmes Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2011-08-10 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Xuehong Zhang; Donna Spiegelman; Laura Baglietto; Leslie Bernstein; Deborah A Boggs; Piet A van den Brandt; Julie E Buring; Susan M Gapstur; Graham G Giles; Edward Giovannucci; Gary Goodman; Susan E Hankinson; Kathy J Helzlsouer; Pamela L Horn-Ross; Manami Inoue; Seungyoun Jung; Polyna Khudyakov; Susanna C Larsson; Marie Lof; Marjorie L McCullough; Anthony B Miller; Marian L Neuhouser; Julie R Palmer; Yikyung Park; Kim Robien; Thomas E Rohan; Julie A Ross; Leo J Schouten; James M Shikany; Shoichiro Tsugane; Kala Visvanathan; Elisabete Weiderpass; Alicja Wolk; Walter C Willett; Shumin M Zhang; Regina G Ziegler; Stephanie A Smith-Warner Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2012-01-25 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Rachel E Kopec; Ken M Riedl; Earl H Harrison; Robert W Curley; Damian P Hruszkewycz; Steven K Clinton; Steven J Schwartz Journal: J Agric Food Chem Date: 2010-03-24 Impact factor: 5.279
Authors: A Salva; L Coll-Planas; S Bruce; L De Groot; S Andrieu; G Abellan; B Vellas; Sandrine Andrieu; Luisa Bartorelli; Ytshal N Berner; Stuart Bruce; Bruno Corman; Alex Domingo; Thomas P Egger; Lisette de Groot; Yves Guigoz; Ana Imedio; Mercè Planas; Concha Porras; Joan Carles Rovira; Antoni Salvà; José Antonio Serra; Bruno Vellas Journal: J Nutr Health Aging Date: 2009-06 Impact factor: 4.075
Authors: Xiaonan Xue; Mimi Y Kim; Mia M Gaudet; Yikyung Park; Moonseong Heo; Albert R Hollenbeck; Howard D Strickler; Marc J Gunter Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2013-01-04 Impact factor: 4.254