Evolution of the vibrational spectrum of ammonia from single molecule to bulk.

Ammonia clusters (NH3)n (n=2-10(4)) have been assembled inside helium droplets and studied via infrared laser spectroscopy. The studied spectral range of 3100-3500 cm(-1) covers the nu1 and nu3 fundamental stretching bands as well as the 2nu4 overtone of the bend of ammonia molecules. The results show strong coupling of the 2nu4 overtone with the fundamental vibrations for all cluster sizes except dimers. The intensity of the nu3 band relative to the total intensity in the spectrum increases from about 30% to about 80% upon increase of the average cluster size from n=5 to n=10(4). We attributed this effect to the concomitant decrease in the fraction of the surface molecules. The results indicate that ammonia clusters obtained in He droplets have a compact structure and that inner molecules in the clusters have similar hydrogen-bonded coordination as in the crystalline form of ammonia. This surprising result is ascribed to a directionality of the hydrogen bond, which guides the low temperature growth of the cluster in He droplets.