Whey for mass production of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae.

Spore production of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae was studied in a novel whey-based culture media. Spore yield and viability were determined for two B. bassiana (GHA-726 and CA-603) and two M. anisopliae (CA-1 and IMI 330189) isolates following production in three whey-based systems: solid, liquid, and a diphasic production system. Our study indicated that whey permeate can be used effectively for production of spores of entomopathogenic fungi. However, spore yield and viability were significantly influenced by fungal isolate, whey concentration, and the type of production process used. Under the conditions defined in the present study, spore yields ranging from 1.3x10(9)-10x10(11) spores l(-1) of whey medium could be obtained depending on the strain and production process used. Our study revealed that spores produced by all strains in whey-based solid and liquid media showed between 73-99% viability; germination rates were comparable with those obtained using the standard SDA medium. In the two-stage production process, the viabilities of conidia produced by GHA-726, CA-603, and CA-1 were 35-86, 32-98, and 6-29%, respectively; viability was correlated with whey concentration and isolates. Whey permeate can be used as a growth substrate for mass production of biocontrol fungi. We hypothesize that spore yield and viability could be improved by careful selection of whey content in the medium, incorporation of critical additives and optimization of culture conditions.