Attributions of responsibility for addiction: the effects of gender and type of substance.

In 1997, 248 urban university students in central Massachusetts rated responsibility for addiction using the Attributions of Responsibility for Addiction Scale (ARAS), developed for this study with university-based financial support. The vignette-based factorial design varied sex of drug user and type of addictive substance. Factor analysis yielded two subscales: internal and external responsibility attributions; the dependent variable was the internal-to-external attribution ratio. Analysis of variance indicated main effects for substance type and drug abuse experience and showed interaction effects for participant's sex by user's sex and user's sex by substance type. Authors discuss implications, study limitations, and future research.