OBJECTIVE: The goal was to determine current trends in Escherichia coli-related early- and late-onset sepsis and patterns of ampicillin resistance in relation to institutional changes in the use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. METHODS: A retrospective review of data for all infants with E. coli sepsis at Yale-New Haven Hospital from 1979 to 2006 was performed. Study periods were based on predominant intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis practices at Yale-New Haven Hospital, that is, (1) 1979 to 1992 (no formal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis), (2) 1993 to 1996 (risk factor-based), and (3) 1997 to 2006 (screening-based). Sepsis rates and patterns of ampicillin resistance were compared. RESULTS: Fifty-three cases of E. coli early-onset sepsis and 129 cases of E. coli late-onset sepsis were identified over 3 eras. In very low birth weight (<1500 g) infants, increases in E. coli early-onset sepsis (period 1: 2.83 cases per 1000 very low birth weight admissions; period 2: 7.12 cases per 1000 very low birth weight admissions; period 3: 10.22 cases per 1000 very low birth weight admissions), intrapartum ampicillin exposure, and ampicillin-resistant E. coli were observed. Intrapartum ampicillin exposure was determined to be an independent risk factor for ampicillin-resistant E. coli early-onset sepsis. For the first time, a significant increase in E. coli late-onset sepsis was observed in preterm infants (period 1: 10.39 cases per 1000 very low birth weight admissions; period 2: 16.01 cases per 1000 very low birth weight admissions; period 3: 21.66 cases per 1000 very low birth weight admissions) and term infants (period 1: 4.07 cases per 1000 admissions; period 2: 4.22 cases per 1000 admissions; period 3: 8.23 cases per 1000 admissions). CONCLUSIONS: Studies to provide a better understanding of potential consequences of intrapartum antibiotic exposure and its contribution to evolving trends in neonatal sepsis are urgently needed.
OBJECTIVE: The goal was to determine current trends in Escherichia coli-related early- and late-onset sepsis and patterns of ampicillin resistance in relation to institutional changes in the use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. METHODS: A retrospective review of data for all infants with E. coli sepsis at Yale-New Haven Hospital from 1979 to 2006 was performed. Study periods were based on predominant intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis practices at Yale-New Haven Hospital, that is, (1) 1979 to 1992 (no formal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis), (2) 1993 to 1996 (risk factor-based), and (3) 1997 to 2006 (screening-based). Sepsis rates and patterns of ampicillin resistance were compared. RESULTS: Fifty-three cases of E. coli early-onset sepsis and 129 cases of E. coli late-onset sepsis were identified over 3 eras. In very low birth weight (<1500 g) infants, increases in E. coli early-onset sepsis (period 1: 2.83 cases per 1000 very low birth weight admissions; period 2: 7.12 cases per 1000 very low birth weight admissions; period 3: 10.22 cases per 1000 very low birth weight admissions), intrapartum ampicillin exposure, and ampicillin-resistant E. coli were observed. Intrapartum ampicillin exposure was determined to be an independent risk factor for ampicillin-resistant E. coli early-onset sepsis. For the first time, a significant increase in E. coli late-onset sepsis was observed in preterm infants (period 1: 10.39 cases per 1000 very low birth weight admissions; period 2: 16.01 cases per 1000 very low birth weight admissions; period 3: 21.66 cases per 1000 very low birth weight admissions) and term infants (period 1: 4.07 cases per 1000 admissions; period 2: 4.22 cases per 1000 admissions; period 3: 8.23 cases per 1000 admissions). CONCLUSIONS: Studies to provide a better understanding of potential consequences of intrapartum antibiotic exposure and its contribution to evolving trends in neonatal sepsis are urgently needed.
Authors: Barbara J Stoll; Nellie I Hansen; Pablo J Sánchez; Roger G Faix; Brenda B Poindexter; Krisa P Van Meurs; Matthew J Bizzarro; Ronald N Goldberg; Ivan D Frantz; Ellen C Hale; Seetha Shankaran; Kathleen Kennedy; Waldemar A Carlo; Kristi L Watterberg; Edward F Bell; Michele C Walsh; Kurt Schibler; Abbot R Laptook; Andi L Shane; Stephanie J Schrag; Abhik Das; Rosemary D Higgins Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2011-04-25 Impact factor: 7.124
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