Does government regulation inhibit embryonic stem cell research and can it be effective?

The UK was one of the first countries to introduce legislation regulating embryo research, and the British Parliament has taken a liberal view of the field. However, even in the UK, regulation of human embryonic stem cell (ESC) research has had drawbacks, and the regulatory framework is somewhat inconsistent and imposes considerable bureaucracy. There are around 33 countries that have broadly liberal legislation; each has a different view of what is permissible. Only about eight of these countries have contributed significantly to published research in the field. Paradoxically, in spite of tight federal restrictions, the USA remains the most productive country in terms of the number and quality of peer review research publications. But even in our increasingly global society, complex regulation will become progressively irrelevant and impossible to impose effectively because attitudes will continue to vary widely in different countries and because of international travel and trade. Consequently, there is a universal need for scientists to demonstrate their recognition of the ethical and commercial conflicts that may arise in their research and engage in public debate and dialogue to ensure responsible activity that benefits their research and reflects the values of society.