[Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the state of the matter and further research approaches].

AIM: This paper is a review on the state of affairs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. DEVELOPMENT: In the first section, the authors review the limitations and controversies in the fields of the prevalence, etiology, diagnostic criteria and comorbidities. In the second part, there is an update of the latest findings in the field of the neurobiological bases, the genetic etiology, the relevance of the evaluation of the executive functions and the effectiveness of drug therapies, behavioral and others alternatives therapies. The authors have selected the most relevant recently published bibliography and addressed in a schematic way, disputes or outstanding issues with a greater emphasis on the lines of research more relevant in the near future.