Multilevel analysis of individual and community predictors of smoking prevalence and frequency in China: 1991-2004.

This study uses a series of nationally representative samples from China. We studied more than 4,000 households to explore factors associated with both the prevalence and the frequency of cigarette smoking over 13 years between 1991 and 2004. By introducing variables at both the individual and the community level, we found that some key variables are consistent predictors of smoking measures over time, thus they should be the targets of future intervention/prevention programs.