The prevention of back pain from manual handling.

About a quarter of 3-day plus accidents are associated with the manual handling of loads and about a half of these result in low back pain. In response to this major cause of injury, sickness absence and pain, legislation is currently being prepared which will require employers to assess manual handling tasks and to reduce the amount of such handling required. Where it is not possible to remove the need for such handling altogether, then steps must be taken to reduce the risk of injury. This paper briefly describes three approaches which have been promulgated: selection or screening, training and ergonomics. It outlines each approach, concluding that a realistic solution to a specific problem may embody elements of all three.