PURPOSE: The knowledge of somatic mutations that arise in penile cancer is limited. We examined the dysregulation of components in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Ras pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using single stranded conformational analysis and direct sequencing we performed mutational analysis of the PIK3CA, PTEN, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS and BRAF genes in 28 penile tumors. RESULTS: We identified somatic missense mutations in 11 of the 28 penile cancer samples (39%). In the PIK3CA gene 8 mutations (29%) were identified that were E542K or E545K. In the HRAS gene a G12S and a Q61L mutation were found (7%). The KRAS gene contained 1 mutation (3%), that is a G12S change. PIK3CA mutations were found in all grades and stages, whereas HRAS and KRAS mutations were found in larger and more advanced tumors. The mutations were mutually exclusive, suggesting that dysregulation of either pathway is sufficient for the development and progression of penile carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency of mutations in the PIK3CA, HRAS and KRAS genes leads us to believe that dysregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase or Ras pathway is significant for the development and progression of penile carcinoma.
PURPOSE: The knowledge of somatic mutations that arise in penile cancer is limited. We examined the dysregulation of components in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Ras pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using single stranded conformational analysis and direct sequencing we performed mutational analysis of the PIK3CA, PTEN, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS and BRAF genes in 28 penile tumors. RESULTS: We identified somatic missense mutations in 11 of the 28 penile cancer samples (39%). In the PIK3CA gene 8 mutations (29%) were identified that were E542K or E545K. In the HRAS gene a G12S and a Q61L mutation were found (7%). The KRAS gene contained 1 mutation (3%), that is a G12S change. PIK3CA mutations were found in all grades and stages, whereas HRAS and KRAS mutations were found in larger and more advanced tumors. The mutations were mutually exclusive, suggesting that dysregulation of either pathway is sufficient for the development and progression of penile carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency of mutations in the PIK3CA, HRAS and KRAS genes leads us to believe that dysregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase or Ras pathway is significant for the development and progression of penile carcinoma.
Authors: Mark W Ball; Stephania M Bezerra; Alcides Chaux; Sheila F Faraj; Nilda Gonzalez-Roibon; Enrico Munari; Rajni Sharma; Trinity J Bivalacqua; George J Netto; Arthur L Burnett Journal: Urology Date: 2016-02-18 Impact factor: 2.649
Authors: Elzbieta Stankiewicz; David M Prowse; Mansum Ng; Jack Cuzick; David Mesher; Frances Hiscock; Yong-Jie Lu; Nicholas Watkin; Catherine Corbishley; Wayne Lam; Daniel M Berney Journal: PLoS One Date: 2011-03-02 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Mounsif Azizi; Dominic H Tang; Daniel Verduzco; Charles C Peyton; Juan Chipollini; Zhigang Yuan; Braydon J Schaible; Jun-Min Zhou; Peter A Johnstone; Anna Giuliano; Jasreman Dhillon; Philippe E Spiess Journal: Clin Genitourin Cancer Date: 2018-09-22 Impact factor: 3.121